A bank is a place you go to deposit or withdraw money, or ask for a loan to buy a house or car. Bank buildings are not as common as they used to be, as you can now do a lot of banking via an ATM or over the Internet.
A basement is a room that is underneath a house or other building. Basements are often used to store things you aren't using, and usually have water heaters, washing machines and other utilities in them. The term "basement" is US-centric. Other countries are more likely to have a cellar than a basement.
A bedroom is a room where you sleep. A bedroom usually has at least one bed in it, and also may have a wardrobe and dresser to keep clothes in. Children often have a desk in their bedroom too.
A bus stop is a special place that you wait for a bus. The bus driver knows there will be people waiting at a bus stop and will watch out for you. Bus stops can just be a sign on a post, or a bench, or a proper shelter from the weather.
