An airport is a place airplanes land and take off. When people are going on holidays a long way away, they need to go to an airport to catch a plane.
A basement is a room that is underneath a house or other building. Basements are often used to store things you aren't using, and usually have water heaters, washing machines and other utilities in them. The term "basement" is US-centric. Other countries are more likely to have a cellar than a basement.
A cafe is a small restaurant that typically serves coffee, pastries, sandwiches and food that is able to be served quickly.
A capital is the official location of the government of a country or state. The capital of the United States is Washington, D.C. The building in the picture is the White House, where the president lives.