A is for Aperture

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Photo of a camera's aperture
An aperture is an opening that lets something pass through, such as light, air, or sound. In a camera, it is the adjustable opening inside the lens. Its size controls how much light reaches the camera sensor and also affects how much of the picture looks sharp.

A wide aperture lets in more light and can make the background look blurry. A narrow aperture lets in less light and keeps more of the scene clear. The word comes from a Latin word meaning "an opening".