Parts of things

A particle is a very tiny piece of something, for example: a particle of dust.

A prong is any thin, pointy object, particularly a part of an animal's horns or antlers. The end of some tools, like the garden fork in the picture, are also prongs.

A segment is a part of something that can be divided off naturally, without cutting. Oranges and mandarins can be easily broken into segments. You can clearly see the segments of the mandarin in the picture.
Segments can also be used to describe parts of some kinds of a creepy crawly like a millipedes body, where there are clear separations between the parts.

A sleeve is the part of a garment that covers your arm or part of your arm. Sleeves can be short, as on a t-shirt or so long they go past the end of your fingers.

A strand is a single piece of some kind of fiber, like a strand of hair.
Strand also means to leave something or someone where they are helpless, as in "they were stranded on a desert island".

Strips are long, thin pieces of something. The picture is of some torn strips of paper. You can also use the word strip to describe a group of things arranged in a long, narrow way, such as a strip of shops, or shopping strip.
Strip also means to remove something from. You might strip off your clothes, or strip the plastic covering off some electrical cables.

The tip of something is the smaller end of it, such as the tip of your finger or the tip of an iceberg. The bird in the picture has black tips on its wings.
A tip might also be another word for a small piece of advice, or some money given to someone for good service.