Parts of things

A bead is a small, pretty object with a hole through the middle so that many beads can be threaded together to make a chain.
Beads can be made of clay, glass, wood, shells, stone, nuts or in fact anything that looks good and might be nice strung together.
Beads are usually strung into necklaces or bracelets.

A cell is the building block of life. All living organisms are made up of cells. The simplest organisms, like bacteria only have one cell, while larger creatures like trees and animals are made up of millions of cells.
Different types of cell in your body do different things. For example, there are special cells that make your bones and your brain that aren't very much alike, but are both types of cells.

A chunk is a rough piece or part of something. It is bigger than a small bit, but smaller than the whole.

The photo is of a chunk of road bitumen.

Cogs are the small "teeth" around the edges of gears. Cogs allow the gears to grip onto each other as they turn around.

Crumbs are small pieces of food. They usually break off from something crumbly, like bread or cake.

A flake is a small, flat and very thin piece of something. The picture is of a small flake of paint.
Some foods, like pastry, break into flakes very easily. They are described as flakey.

Granules are small, rounded pieces of something. They can be made by grinding something down into smaller pieces or more commonly by building them up from clumping much smaller ones together.
The granules in the picture are coffee granules.

Something put in a thin coating over something else is a layer. Many different kinds of cakes and sweets have layers of different colors or textures on top of one of the other. A cake might have a layer of sponge, then a layer of chocolate filling, then another layer of sponge and then a layer of frosting around the outside. The cake in the photo has a lot of layers.
You can also layer your clothes by wearing clothes over the top of each other to form layers.

A log is a thick cut piece of a tree, either from the main trunk of the tree or a thick branch. Logs cut for lumber tend to be much longer than logs cut for firewood.

A page is a piece of paper which has writing or images print on it. Books are made of pages that are bound together.