Weather

Auroras, sometimes called the Northern Lights or Aurora Borealis, are lights that are seen in the sky in areas close to the north pole. They occur when solar winds from the sun pass through the Earth's atmosphere. The shape of the lights follows the Earth's magnetic field.

A cyclone is a very large weather event, which has low pressure at the center with winds that go around the center point. Cyclones turn anticlockwise in the northern hemisphere and clockwise in the southern.

A drought is an extended time where lower than normal amounts of rain falls. During a drought, rivers and lakes can dry up, and many plants and animals die.

A flood is water covering or submerging land. Floods can happen when it rains faster than the ground can soak up the water or let it run away, or by a rising river that bursts its banks. Floods can also be caused by very high tides or storms that push seawater inland.

Frost happens when something gets cold enough for water in the air to freeze on it. Frosts usually happen overnight, and in the morning there will be small ice crystals covering everything.
Frost can kill many kinds of plants, especially young seedlings.

Hail happens during very cold storms. Hailstones are lumps of ice that fall from the clouds. Hailstones can be quite big and can do a lot of damage to things they hit.

Humidity is a measure of how much water is in the air. It is often very humid when it is hot, and it has been raining. Tropical parts of the world are humid.

Mist is made from tiny droplets of water hanging in the air. You see mist when it is foggy outside, or around a waterfall or anywhere else that water is being sprayed.

The sky is overcast if it is almost entirely covered in clouds.
On an overcast day, there is often a high chance of rain.

Rainbows happen when the sun shines through a very fine spray of water, like rain in the air or the spray from a garden hose or even from a waterfall.
The rainbow is colourful because as sunlight travels through the water spray, it splits into a spectrum of colours. All the colours you see in a rainbow are there all the time in normal light, but they are mixed up together so you only see white light.
You can also see the colours of the rainbow by shining light through a prism.