Astronomy

An asteroid is very similar to a comet - it is a large rock that orbits the sun. Comets have a tail, while asteroids do not.
Smaller rocks, from the size of a grain of sand to a large bounder are called meteoroids. When they enter the Earth's atmosphere, they are called meteors. If they hit the ground, they are called meteorites. The photo is of a meteorite.

The atmosphere is the mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth, mostly nitrogen and oxygen. These gases protect us from the sun's radiation and make up air, which we breathe.

In astronomy, an eclipse is where various planetary bodies align and block the light from the sun. In a lunar eclipse, the Earth comes between the sun and the moon. In a solar eclipse, the moon comes between the Earth and the sun. The picture is of a solar eclipse.
In general language, you eclipse someone if you do something so much better or more obviously than they do that everyone notices you and not them, for example "her beauty eclipsed all others at the dance".

A meteor is a firey streak that can be seen in the sky when a meteoroid enters Earth's atmosphere. Meteors are often called shooting stars.

An orbit is the path that an object follows around another object, especially a planet or other celestial body. For example, Earth orbits the sun, and satellites orbit Earth.

A satellite is something that people have launched into orbit around the Earth. Satellites circle the Earth, either remaining as if they are in the same place as seen from the Earth, called Geostationary orbit, or moving around the Earth.
Satellites are used for many things. They can be used to watch and take photos of the Earth for military or other reasons; they can be used for communications like television or telephones, to find out where you are using Global Positioning System (GPS), to watch and help predict the weather, and for various research purposes.

A space shuttle is a vessel that can be used to take people and objects like satellites out into orbit around the Earth. Space shuttles use a huge amount of fuel to break the forces of gravity holding them down.

Our sun is a star that is very close to us. It is thousands of times bigger than the Earth. It keeps us warm during the day with its light, and all the plants in the world use the sunlight to grow.

The universe describes all known matter and space. All of the planets and galaxies in existence are part of the universe. Another word for universe is cosmos.