Atop means on the top of something. It tells where something is placed or what is above.
You might see it in older books used like "The book is atop the desk" or "a hat atop his head".
A caltrop is common name given to some (unrelated) plants that have seed heads with 4 or more sharp spikes, arranged so that one of them is always pointing upwards. The seed heads are very painful to step on.
Metal devices of the same name and design can be thrown onto roads in front of cars to burst their tires.
Fis forFlip flops
A gallop is the fastest gait of a horse. It has a beat of four, and all of the horse's feet are off the ground at once as it is galloping.











